Papers
Research papers from arXiv and related sources
Riding Brainwaves in LLM Space: Understanding Activation Patterns Using Individual Neural Signatures
Consumer-grade EEG is entering everyday devices, from earbuds to headbands, raising the question of whether language models can be adapted to individual neural responses. We test this by asking whe...
Ajan Subramanian, Sumukh Bettadapura, Rohan Sathish
Agentic Personas for Adaptive Scientific Explanations with Knowledge Graphs
AI explanation methods often assume a static user model, producing non-adaptive explanations regardless of expert goals, reasoning strategies, or decision contexts. Knowledge graph-based explanatio...
Susana Nunes, Tiago Guerreiro, Catia Pesquita
On the Number of Conditional Independence Tests in Constraint-based Causal Discovery
Learning causal relations from observational data is a fundamental problem with wide-ranging applications across many fields. Constraint-based methods infer the underlying causal structure by perfo...
Marc Franquesa Monés, Jiaqi Zhang, Caroline Uhler
Select, Label, Evaluate: Active Testing in NLP
Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-e...
Antonio Purificato, Maria Sofia Bucarelli, Andrea Bacciu, Amin Mantrach, Fabrizio Silvestri
A Unified Heterogeneous Implementation of Numerical Atomic Orbitals-Based Real-Time TDDFT within the ABACUS Package
We present a unified heterogeneous computing framework for real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) based on numerical atomic orbitals (NAOs), implemented in the ABACUS package...
Taoni Bao, Yuanbo Li, Zichao Deng, Haotian Zhao, Denghui Lu, Yike Huang, Chao Lian, Lixin He, Moh...
Publicly Understandable Electronic Voting: A Non-Cryptographic, End-to-End Verifiable Scheme
Modern democracies face an existential crisis of waning public trust in election results. While End-to-End Verifiable (E2E-V) voting systems promise mathematically secure elections, their reliance ...
Alon Gat
Can Renewable Energy Mitigate Inflationary Pressures from Energy Imports? Evidence from Türkiye
This study analyses the potential of renewable energy to reduce inflationary pressures arising from energy imports in Turkiye. Annual data for the period 1980-2022 are used in the analysis. In this...
Emre Akusta
Take the Train: Africa at the Crossroad of Modern AI
Africa's participation in modern AI development is constrained by severe infrastructural and policy gaps. Important barriers include limited access to high-performance computing (HPC), restricted c...
Cédric Manouan, Miquilina Anagbah, N'guessan Yves-Roland Douha, João Barros
Using spatiotemporal Born rule for testing macroscopic realism: some applications to the pseudo-density matrices and nonclassical temporal correlations
We show that, given an evolving quantum system and the quasiprobability distribution generated by the spatiotemporal generalization of the Born rule in pseudo density-matrices (PDMs), this distribu...
Naim Elias Comar, Lucas C. Céleri, Mia Stamatova, Vlatko Vedral, Aditya Varna Iyer, Rafael Chaves
Why does it fail? Explanation of verification failures
Satisfiability solving is a common technique for formal verification forming the basis of many proof and model checking systems. Failure to show a proof obligation will produce a counterexample or ...
Lars-Henrik Eriksson
The Universal Normal Embedding
Generative models and vision encoders have largely advanced on separate tracks, optimized for different goals and grounded in different mathematical principles. Yet, they share a fundamental proper...
Chen Tasker, Roy Betser, Eyal Gofer, Meir Yossef Levi, Guy Gilboa
A Curated List of Open-source Software-only Energy Efficiency Measurement Tools: A GitHub Mining Study
Energy efficiency has become a growing concern in software development, leading to the need for tools designed to measure energy consumption. While several energy measurement tools are available as...
Manuela Bechara Cannizza, Michel Albonico
Quantifying Uncertainty in FMEDA Safety Metrics: An Error Propagation Approach for Enhanced ASIC Verification
Accurate and reliable safety metrics are paramount for functional safety verification of ASICs in automotive systems. Traditional FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) metrics, su...
Antonino Armato, Christian Kehl, Sebastian Fischer
Strict Entropy Decrease of Clausius Entropy in an Isolated System with Energy-Form Conversion: Theoretical Proof, Numerical Illustration, and Critical Examination
This paper is accountable only to explicitly stated physical assumptions and strict logical inference. Its goal is to run a rigorous stress test of second-law claims within the Clausius framework. ...
Ting Peng
The fragility of the Uranian moons during the giant planet instability
It is thought that, sometime after their formation, the solar system's giant planets experienced a dynamical instability that caused their orbits to excite, diverge, and ejected one or more objects...
Matthew S. Clement, Nathan A. Kaib, Andre Izidoro, Rogerio Deienno
The Presupposition Problem in Representation Genesis
Large language models are the first systems to achieve high cognitive performance without clearly undergoing representation genesis: the transition from a non-representing physical system to one wh...
Yiling Wu
CellFluxRL: Biologically-Constrained Virtual Cell Modeling via Reinforcement Learning
Building virtual cells with generative models to simulate cellular behavior in silico is emerging as a promising paradigm for accelerating drug discovery. However, prior image-based generative appr...
Dongxia Wu, Shiye Su, Yuhui Zhang, Elaine Sui, Emma Lundberg, Emily B. Fox, Serena Yeung-Levy
The Reasoning Error About Reasoning: Why Different Types of Reasoning Require Different Representational Structures
Different types of reasoning impose different structural demands on representational systems, yet no systematic account of these demands exists across psychology, AI, and philosophy of mind. I prop...
Yiling Wu
Cognitive Agency Surrender: Defending Epistemic Sovereignty via Scaffolded AI Friction
The proliferation of Generative Artificial Intelligence has transformed benign cognitive offloading into a systemic risk of cognitive agency surrender. Driven by the commercial dogma of "zero-frict...
Kuangzhe Xu, Yu Shen, Longjie Yan, Yinghui Ren
EvoIdeator: Evolving Scientific Ideas through Checklist-Grounded Reinforcement Learning
Scientific idea generation is a cornerstone of autonomous knowledge discovery, yet the iterative evolution required to transform initial concepts into high-quality research proposals remains a form...
Andreas Sauter, Yuyue Zhao, Jacopo Urbani, Wenxiang Hu, Zaiqiao Meng, Lun Zhou, Xiaohui Yan, Youg...