Papers
Research papers from arXiv and related sources
Determination of the Height-Temperature Profile Above a Solar Active Region from Multi-Frequency Radio Observations
An iterative method is presented for reconstructing the height-temperature profile of the solar atmosphere above a sunspot using multi-frequency spectro-polarimetric microwave observations. It is a...
T. I. Kaltman, A. G. Stupishin, G. A. Makoev
Non-intrusive Monitoring of Sealed Microreactor Cores Using Physics-Informed Muon Scattering Tomography With Momentum Measurements
Next-generation microreactors enable remote deployment and semi-autonomous operation, but compact, sealed, heterogeneous cores limit conventional safeguard approaches that rely on access and bulk a...
Reshma Ughade, Stylianos Chatzidakis
Reasoning Models Struggle to Control their Chains of Thought
Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring is a promising tool for detecting misbehaviors and understanding the motivations of modern reasoning models. However, if models can control what they verbalize in ...
Chen Yueh-Han, Robert McCarthy, Bruce W. Lee, He He, Ian Kivlichan, Bowen Baker, Micah Carroll, T...
Towards Robust Retrieval-Augmented Generation Based on Knowledge Graph: A Comparative Analysis
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) was introduced to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond their encoded prior knowledge. This is achieved by providing LLMs with an exte...
Hazem Amamou, Stéphane Gagnon, Alan Davoust, Anderson R. Avila
Warm Starting State-Space Models with Automata Learning
We prove that Moore machines can be exactly realized as state-space models (SSMs), establishing a formal correspondence between symbolic automata and these continuous machine learning architectures...
William Fishell, Sam Nicholas Kouteili, Mark Santolucito
Longitudinal Lesion Inpainting in Brain MRI via 3D Region Aware Diffusion
Accurate longitudinal analysis of brain MRI is often hindered by evolving lesions, which bias automated neuroimaging pipelines. While deep generative models have shown promise in inpainting these l...
Zahra Karimaghaloo, Dumitru Fetco, Haz-Edine Assemlal, Hassan Rivaz, Douglas L. Arnold
Improved Scaling Laws via Weak-to-Strong Generalization in Random Feature Ridge Regression
It is increasingly common in machine learning to use learned models to label data and then employ such data to train more capable models. The phenomenon of weak-to-strong generalization exemplifies...
Diyuan Wu, Lehan Chen, Theodor Misiakiewicz, Marco Mondelli
SecureRAG-RTL: A Retrieval-Augmented, Multi-Agent, Zero-Shot LLM-Driven Framework for Hardware Vulnerability Detection
Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publ...
Touseef Hasan, Blessing Airehenbuwa, Nitin Pundir, Souvika Sarkar, Ujjwal Guin
Order Unit Spaces and Probabilistic Models
We exhibit a functor from the category OUS of order unit spaces and positive, unit-preserving mappings into the category $\Prob$ of probabilistic models (test spaces with designated state spaces) a...
John Harding, Alex Wilce
Scalable Digital Compute-in-Memory Ising Machines for Robustness Verification of Binary Neural Networks
Verification of binary neural network (BNN) robustness is NP-hard, as it can be formulated as a combinatorial search for an adversarial perturbation that induces misclassification. Exact verificati...
Madhav Vadlamani, Rahul Singh, Yuyao Kong, Zheng Zhang, Shimeng Yu
When Rubrics Fail: Error Enumeration as Reward in Reference-Free RL Post-Training for Virtual Try-On
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) and Rubrics as Rewards (RaR) have driven strong gains in domains with clear correctness signals and even in subjective domains by synthesizing ...
Wisdom Ikezogwo, Mehmet Saygin Seyfioglu, Ranjay Krishna, Karim Bouyarmane
Physics of active polymers: scaling analysis via a compounding formula
Active polymeric systems exhibit a rich spectrum of non-equilibrium phenomena arising from stochastic forces that explicitly break detailed balance. Despite the rapid growth of experimental and num...
Takahiro Sakaue, Enrico Carlon
The Fragility Of Moral Judgment In Large Language Models
People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) for everyday moral and interpersonal guidance, yet these systems cannot interrogate missing context and judge dilemmas as presented. We introduc...
Tom van Nuenen, Pratik S. Sachdeva
JoinActors: A Modular Library for Actors with Join Patterns
Join patterns are a high-level programming construct for message-passing applications. They offer an intuitive and declarative approach for specifying how concurrent and distributed components coor...
Ayman Hussein, Philipp Haller, Ioannis Karras, Hernán Melgratti, Alceste Scalas, Emilio Tuosto
Test-then-Punish: A Statistical Approach to Repeated Games
We study discounted infinitely repeated games in which players agree on a cooperative mixed action profile but, at each step, observe only the realized pure actions. This form of imperfect monitori...
Aymeric Capitaine, Antoine Scheid, Etienne Boursier, Alain Durmus, Michael I. Jordan
Identification of an Unreported Structure Type in GdNiSn4 and Its Implications for Materials Prediction
Crystal structures define how matter is organized at the atomic level. In the realm of crystalline inorganic materials, new structure types are rarely found, and most experimentally-realized struct...
Xin Zhang, Scott B. Lee, Sudipta Chatterjee, Hanqi Pi, Yi Yang, Fatmagül Katmer, Emily G. Ward, D...
From Decoupled to Coupled: Robustness Verification for Learning-based Keypoint Detection with Joint Specifications
Keypoint detection underpins many vision tasks, including pose estimation, viewpoint recovery, and 3D reconstruction, yet modern neural models remain vulnerable to small input perturbations. Despit...
Xusheng Luo, Changliu Liu
Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO): Instrument Summary and Early FRB Rate Constraints
The Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO) is a real-time radio transient detection pipeline designed to search for dispersed fast radio bursts (FRBs) from Galactic magnetars. Deployed...
Darby McCauley, Aaron Parsons, Wei Liu, Wenbin Lu, Dirk Wright, Dan Werthimer
Advancing the Effective-One-Body Framework in the Test-Mass Limit
We present SEOB-TML, an enhanced effective-one-body (EOB) framework for the test-mass limit, optimized for quasi-circular, spin-aligned binary black holes. On the dynamical side, we introduce a qua...
Nami Nishimura, Alessandra Buonanno, Guglielmo Faggioli, Maarten van de Meent, Gaurav Khanna
Exocomets of $β$ Pictoris II: Two dynamical families of exocomets simulated with REBOUND
We investigate the dynamical evolution of particles in the $β$ Pic system to determine likely formation pathways to the present-day observed exocomet populations. We aim to relate these results to ...
K. P. Jaworska, H. J. Hoeijmakers