Paper
Radial Distribution Function in a Two Dimensional Core-Shoulder Particle System
Authors
Michael Wassermair, Gerhard Kahl, Andrew J Archer, Roland Roth
Abstract
An important quantity in liquid state theory is the radial distribution function $g(r)$. It can be calculated within the framework of classical density functional theory in two very distinct ways. In the test-particle route, one fixes a single fluid particle, turning it into an external potential in which the inhomogeneous structure of the fluid is calculated by minimising the functional. The second route to $g(r)$ in density functional theory employs the Ornstein-Zernike equation and the pair direct correlation function, that can be obtained from the second functional derivatives of the excess free energy functional. Since typically an approximate excess free energy functional is employed, one generally expects that the test-particle route, which requires only one functional derivative, to be more accurate than the Ornstein-Zernike route. Here we study a two dimensional core-shoulder particle system and present results that challenge this expectation. Our results show that in this system test-particle results for $g(r)$ are not always better than results obtained via the Ornstein-Zernike route.
Metadata
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Raw Data (Debug)
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"raw_xml": "<entry>\n <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24537v1</id>\n <title>Radial Distribution Function in a Two Dimensional Core-Shoulder Particle System</title>\n <updated>2026-03-25T17:12:46Z</updated>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24537v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.24537v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n <summary>An important quantity in liquid state theory is the radial distribution function $g(r)$. It can be calculated within the framework of classical density functional theory in two very distinct ways. In the test-particle route, one fixes a single fluid particle, turning it into an external potential in which the inhomogeneous structure of the fluid is calculated by minimising the functional. The second route to $g(r)$ in density functional theory employs the Ornstein-Zernike equation and the pair direct correlation function, that can be obtained from the second functional derivatives of the excess free energy functional. Since typically an approximate excess free energy functional is employed, one generally expects that the test-particle route, which requires only one functional derivative, to be more accurate than the Ornstein-Zernike route. Here we study a two dimensional core-shoulder particle system and present results that challenge this expectation. Our results show that in this system test-particle results for $g(r)$ are not always better than results obtained via the Ornstein-Zernike route.</summary>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cond-mat.soft'/>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cond-mat.stat-mech'/>\n <published>2026-03-25T17:12:46Z</published>\n <arxiv:comment>20 pages, 2 figures</arxiv:comment>\n <arxiv:primary_category term='cond-mat.soft'/>\n <author>\n <name>Michael Wassermair</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Gerhard Kahl</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Andrew J Archer</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Roland Roth</name>\n </author>\n </entry>"
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