Research

Paper

AI LLM March 24, 2026

Leveraging LLMs and Social Media to Understand User Perception of Smartphone-Based Earthquake Early Warnings

Authors

Hanjing Wang, S. Mostafa Mousavi, Patrick Robertson, Richard M. Allen, Alexie Barski, Robert Bosch, Nivetha Thiruverahan, Youngmin Cho, Tajinder Gadh, Steve Malkos, Boone Spooner, Greg Wimpey, Marc Stogaitis

Abstract

Android's Earthquake Alert (AEA) system provided timely early warnings to millions during the Mw 6.2 Marmara Ereglisi, Türkiye earthquake on April 23, 2025. This event, the largest in the region in 25 years, served as a critical real-world test for smartphone-based Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems. The AEA system successfully delivered alerts to users with high precision, offering over a minute of warning before the strongest shaking reached urban areas. This study leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze more than 500 public social media posts from the X platform, extracting 42 distinct attributes related to user experience and behavior. Statistical analyses revealed significant relationships, notably a strong correlation between user trust and alert timeliness. Our results indicate a distinction between engineering and the user-centric definition of system accuracy. We found that timeliness is accuracy in the user's mind. Overall, this study provides actionable insights for optimizing alert design, public education campaigns, and future behavioral research to improve the effectiveness of such systems in seismically active regions.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2603.23322
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: stat.AP
Published: 2026-03-24
Fetched: 2026-03-25 06:02

Related papers

Raw Data (Debug)
{
  "raw_xml": "<entry>\n    <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23322v1</id>\n    <title>Leveraging LLMs and Social Media to Understand User Perception of Smartphone-Based Earthquake Early Warnings</title>\n    <updated>2026-03-24T15:24:33Z</updated>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23322v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.23322v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n    <summary>Android's Earthquake Alert (AEA) system provided timely early warnings to millions during the Mw 6.2 Marmara Ereglisi, Türkiye earthquake on April 23, 2025. This event, the largest in the region in 25 years, served as a critical real-world test for smartphone-based Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems. The AEA system successfully delivered alerts to users with high precision, offering over a minute of warning before the strongest shaking reached urban areas. This study leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze more than 500 public social media posts from the X platform, extracting 42 distinct attributes related to user experience and behavior. Statistical analyses revealed significant relationships, notably a strong correlation between user trust and alert timeliness. Our results indicate a distinction between engineering and the user-centric definition of system accuracy. We found that timeliness is accuracy in the user's mind. Overall, this study provides actionable insights for optimizing alert design, public education campaigns, and future behavioral research to improve the effectiveness of such systems in seismically active regions.</summary>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='stat.AP'/>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cs.AI'/>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cs.CY'/>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='physics.geo-ph'/>\n    <published>2026-03-24T15:24:33Z</published>\n    <arxiv:primary_category term='stat.AP'/>\n    <author>\n      <name>Hanjing Wang</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>S. Mostafa Mousavi</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Patrick Robertson</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Richard M. Allen</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Alexie Barski</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Robert Bosch</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Nivetha Thiruverahan</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Youngmin Cho</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Tajinder Gadh</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Steve Malkos</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Boone Spooner</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Greg Wimpey</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Marc Stogaitis</name>\n    </author>\n  </entry>"
}