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TESTING March 23, 2026

Improved cycling stability and lithium utilization in trilayer Al-LLZO revealed by Electrochemical cycling performance

Authors

Naisargi Kanabar, Seiichiro Higashiya, Haralabos Efstathiadis

Abstract

Garnet-type Li$_{6.25}$Al$_{0.25}$La$_3$Zr$_2$O$_{12}$ (Al-LLZO) solid electrolytes are promising for all-solid-state batteries but are limited by interfacial resistance. In this work, dense and graded tri-layer Al-LLZO electrolytes were fabricated and tested in Li/Al-LLZO/NMC(111) full cells. After 25 cycles, the tri-layer cell delivered discharge capacity of $\sim$55 mAhg$^{-1}$, nearly twice that of the dense Al-LLZO ($\sim$27 mAhg$^{-1}$). EIS showed lower initial interfacial resistance ($\sim$373 $Ω$) and improved stability. SEM confirmed a porous-dense-porous structure, while NRA revealed enhanced near-surface lithium ($\sim$75%) compared to dense Al-LLZO ($\sim$48%). These results highlight the role of microstructural grading in improving lithium distribution and cell performance.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2603.21578
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Published: 2026-03-23
Fetched: 2026-03-24 06:02

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