Paper
Reconstructing the Type Ia Supernova Absolute Magnitude with Two-Probe Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Authors
Denitsa Staicova
Abstract
We apply two variants of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to reconstruct the Type Ia supernova absolute magnitude $M_B(z)$ from joint BAO and supernova data under four cosmological models ($Λ$CDM, CPL, GEDE, $Λ_s$CDM) and two DESI DR2 fiducial sets. A heteroscedastic single-network method tested across four constraint configurations establishes that the Etherington distance duality relation is more fundamental constraint than cosmological model priors, with DDR violations of 30--52 mmag under physical constraints versus 85--2330 mmag without. Under full constraints all models recover $M_B \approx -19.3$ mag with biases below 0.05 mag. A Fisher information-weighted two-network variant trains independent networks on BAO and SN data, providing clean probe separation and finding no significant $M_B$ evolution in $z \in [0.3, 1.5]$. The heteroscedastic method identifies a persistent $2-3σ$ residual at $z \sim 0.4-0.5$ that is consistent across all four models and both fiducials; the Fisher method finds no significant pointwise deviation in $z\in[0.3,1.5]$ but shows a systematic separation of redshift-binned $M_B$ distributions consistent with the same underlying tension. While the origin of this feature remains ambiguous, its model-independence and cross-method consistency warrant further investigation with forthcoming data.
Metadata
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Raw Data (Debug)
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"raw_xml": "<entry>\n <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17184v1</id>\n <title>Reconstructing the Type Ia Supernova Absolute Magnitude with Two-Probe Physics-Informed Neural Networks</title>\n <updated>2026-03-17T22:23:56Z</updated>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17184v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.17184v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n <summary>We apply two variants of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to reconstruct the Type Ia supernova absolute magnitude $M_B(z)$ from joint BAO and supernova data under four cosmological models ($Λ$CDM, CPL, GEDE, $Λ_s$CDM) and two DESI DR2 fiducial sets. A heteroscedastic single-network method tested across four constraint configurations establishes that the Etherington distance duality relation is more fundamental constraint than cosmological model priors, with DDR violations of 30--52 mmag under physical constraints versus 85--2330 mmag without. Under full constraints all models recover $M_B \\approx -19.3$ mag with biases below 0.05 mag. A Fisher information-weighted two-network variant trains independent networks on BAO and SN data, providing clean probe separation and finding no significant $M_B$ evolution in $z \\in [0.3, 1.5]$. The heteroscedastic method identifies a persistent $2-3σ$ residual at $z \\sim 0.4-0.5$ that is consistent across all four models and both fiducials; the Fisher method finds no significant pointwise deviation in $z\\in[0.3,1.5]$ but shows a systematic separation of redshift-binned $M_B$ distributions consistent with the same underlying tension. While the origin of this feature remains ambiguous, its model-independence and cross-method consistency warrant further investigation with forthcoming data.</summary>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='astro-ph.CO'/>\n <published>2026-03-17T22:23:56Z</published>\n <arxiv:comment>13 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables</arxiv:comment>\n <arxiv:primary_category term='astro-ph.CO'/>\n <author>\n <name>Denitsa Staicova</name>\n </author>\n </entry>"
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