Paper
Octopus-inspired Distributed Control for Soft Robotic Arms: A Graph Neural Network-Based Attention Policy with Environmental Interaction
Authors
Linxin Hou, Qirui Wu, Zhihang Qin, Yongxin Guo, Cecilia Laschi
Abstract
This paper proposes SoftGM, an octopus-inspired distributed control architecture for segmented soft robotic arms that learn to reach targets in contact-rich environments using online obstacle discovery without relying on global obstacle geometry. SoftGM formulates each arm section as a cooperative agent and represents the arm-environment interaction as a graph. SoftGM uses a two-stage graph attention message passing scheme following a Centralised Training Decentralised Execution (CTDE) paradigm with a centralised critic and decentralised actor. We evaluate SoftGM in a Cosserat-rod simulator (PyElastica) across three tasks that increase the complexity of the environment: obstacle-free, structured obstacles, and a wall-with-hole scenario. Compared with six widely used MARL baselines (IDDPG, IPPO, ISAC, MADDPG, MAPPO, MASAC) under identical information content and training conditions, SoftGM matches strong CTDE methods in simpler settings and achieves the best performance in the wall-with-hole task. Robustness tests with observation noise, single-section actuation failure, and transient disturbances show that SoftGM preserves success while keeping control effort bounded, indicating resilient coordination driven by selective contact-relevant information routing.
Metadata
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"raw_xml": "<entry>\n <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10198v1</id>\n <title>Octopus-inspired Distributed Control for Soft Robotic Arms: A Graph Neural Network-Based Attention Policy with Environmental Interaction</title>\n <updated>2026-03-10T19:56:07Z</updated>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10198v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.10198v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n <summary>This paper proposes SoftGM, an octopus-inspired distributed control architecture for segmented soft robotic arms that learn to reach targets in contact-rich environments using online obstacle discovery without relying on global obstacle geometry. SoftGM formulates each arm section as a cooperative agent and represents the arm-environment interaction as a graph. SoftGM uses a two-stage graph attention message passing scheme following a Centralised Training Decentralised Execution (CTDE) paradigm with a centralised critic and decentralised actor. We evaluate SoftGM in a Cosserat-rod simulator (PyElastica) across three tasks that increase the complexity of the environment: obstacle-free, structured obstacles, and a wall-with-hole scenario. Compared with six widely used MARL baselines (IDDPG, IPPO, ISAC, MADDPG, MAPPO, MASAC) under identical information content and training conditions, SoftGM matches strong CTDE methods in simpler settings and achieves the best performance in the wall-with-hole task. Robustness tests with observation noise, single-section actuation failure, and transient disturbances show that SoftGM preserves success while keeping control effort bounded, indicating resilient coordination driven by selective contact-relevant information routing.</summary>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cs.RO'/>\n <published>2026-03-10T19:56:07Z</published>\n <arxiv:comment>9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, submitted for IROS 2026</arxiv:comment>\n <arxiv:primary_category term='cs.RO'/>\n <author>\n <name>Linxin Hou</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Qirui Wu</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Zhihang Qin</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Yongxin Guo</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Cecilia Laschi</name>\n </author>\n </entry>"
}