Research

Paper

TESTING March 11, 2026

Layered Performance Analysis of TLS 1.3 Handshakes: Classical, Hybrid, and Pure Post-Quantum Key Exchange

Authors

David Gómez-Cambronero, Daniel Munteanu, Ana Isabel González-Tablas

Abstract

In this paper, we present a laboratory study focused on the impact of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms on multiple layers of stateful HTTP over TLS transactions: the TCP handshake, the intermediate TCP-TLS layer, the TLS handshake, the intermediate TLS layer, and the HTTP application layer. To this end, we propose a laboratory architecture that emulates a real-world setup in which a load test of up to 100 transactions per second is sent to a load balancer, which in turn forwards them to a backend server that returns the responses. Each set of tests is executed using the TLS 1.3 key exchange groups as follows: traditional (or non-PQC), hybrid PQC and pure PQC. Each set of tests also varied the backend response size. Across more than thirty experiments, we performed data reduction and statistical analysis for each layer, to determine the specific impact of each algorithm (PQC and traditional) at every stage of the HTTP-over-TLS transaction.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2603.11006
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: cs.CR
Published: 2026-03-11
Fetched: 2026-03-12 04:21

Related papers

Raw Data (Debug)
{
  "raw_xml": "<entry>\n    <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11006v1</id>\n    <title>Layered Performance Analysis of TLS 1.3 Handshakes: Classical, Hybrid, and Pure Post-Quantum Key Exchange</title>\n    <updated>2026-03-11T17:27:41Z</updated>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11006v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.11006v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n    <summary>In this paper, we present a laboratory study focused on the impact of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms on multiple layers of stateful HTTP over TLS transactions: the TCP handshake, the intermediate TCP-TLS layer, the TLS handshake, the intermediate TLS layer, and the HTTP application layer. To this end, we propose a laboratory architecture that emulates a real-world setup in which a load test of up to 100 transactions per second is sent to a load balancer, which in turn forwards them to a backend server that returns the responses. Each set of tests is executed using the TLS 1.3 key exchange groups as follows: traditional (or non-PQC), hybrid PQC and pure PQC. Each set of tests also varied the backend response size. Across more than thirty experiments, we performed data reduction and statistical analysis for each layer, to determine the specific impact of each algorithm (PQC and traditional) at every stage of the HTTP-over-TLS transaction.</summary>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cs.CR'/>\n    <published>2026-03-11T17:27:41Z</published>\n    <arxiv:primary_category term='cs.CR'/>\n    <author>\n      <name>David Gómez-Cambronero</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Daniel Munteanu</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Ana Isabel González-Tablas</name>\n    </author>\n  </entry>"
}