Paper

{
  "raw_xml": "<entry>\n    <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08167v1</id>\n    <title>SiPM non-linearity studies in beam tests with scintillating crystals</title>\n    <updated>2026-03-09T09:48:20Z</updated>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08167v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n    <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.08167v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n    <summary>High-granularity homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeters based on scintillating crystals and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a promising option for future $e^{+}e^{-}$ Higgs factories, where both excellent energy resolution and a very large dynamic range are required. In this work, the non-linear response of high-pixel-density SiPMs with pixel pitches of 6--10~$μ$m coupled to BGO and BSO crystals is studied under realistic beam conditions. A dual-end readout scheme with an attenuated reference SiPM was employed to precisely calibrate the deposited energy and the corresponding number of photoelectrons over a wide dynamic range. Beam tests were carried out at the CERN SPS H2 beamline using high-energy electrons, with a tungsten pre-shower and variable incident angles to enhance energy deposition. The measurements directly quantify the non-linear response of SiPMs to scintillation light over an extended dynamic range. For BGO-coupled Hamamatsu SiPMs, deviations from linearity of about 20\\% are observed at $5\\times10^{5}$ photoelectrons, while larger deviations are measured for the tested NDL devices and for configurations with faster BSO scintillation.</summary>\n    <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='physics.ins-det'/>\n    <published>2026-03-09T09:48:20Z</published>\n    <arxiv:primary_category term='physics.ins-det'/>\n    <author>\n      <name>Zhiyu Zhao</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Dejing Du</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Shu Li</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Yong Liu</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Baohua Qi</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Jack Rolph</name>\n    </author>\n    <author>\n      <name>Haijun Yang</name>\n    </author>\n  </entry>"
}