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TESTING March 05, 2026

Core-bound waves on a Gross-Pitaevskii vortex

Authors

Evan Papoutsis, Nathan Apfel, Nir Navon

Abstract

We find the dispersion relations of two elusive families of core-bound excitations of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) vortex, varicose (axisymmetric) and fluting (quadrupole) waves. For wavelengths of order the healing length, these two families -- and the well-known Kelvin wave -- possess an infinite sequence of core-bound, vortex-specific branches whose energies lie below the Bogoliubov dispersion relation. In the short-wavelength limit, these excitations can be interpreted as particles radially bound to the vortex, which acts as a waveguide. In the long-wavelength limit, the fluting waves unbind from the core, the varicose waves reduce to phonons propagating along the vortex, and the fundamental Kelvin wave is the only core-bound vortex-specific excitation. Finally, we propose a realistic spectroscopic protocol for creating and detecting the varicose wave, which we test by direct numerical simulations of the GP equation.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2603.05505
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: cond-mat.quant-gas
Published: 2026-03-05
Fetched: 2026-03-06 14:20

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