Paper
Core-bound waves on a Gross-Pitaevskii vortex
Authors
Evan Papoutsis, Nathan Apfel, Nir Navon
Abstract
We find the dispersion relations of two elusive families of core-bound excitations of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) vortex, varicose (axisymmetric) and fluting (quadrupole) waves. For wavelengths of order the healing length, these two families -- and the well-known Kelvin wave -- possess an infinite sequence of core-bound, vortex-specific branches whose energies lie below the Bogoliubov dispersion relation. In the short-wavelength limit, these excitations can be interpreted as particles radially bound to the vortex, which acts as a waveguide. In the long-wavelength limit, the fluting waves unbind from the core, the varicose waves reduce to phonons propagating along the vortex, and the fundamental Kelvin wave is the only core-bound vortex-specific excitation. Finally, we propose a realistic spectroscopic protocol for creating and detecting the varicose wave, which we test by direct numerical simulations of the GP equation.
Metadata
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"raw_xml": "<entry>\n <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05505v1</id>\n <title>Core-bound waves on a Gross-Pitaevskii vortex</title>\n <updated>2026-03-05T18:59:55Z</updated>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05505v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.05505v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n <summary>We find the dispersion relations of two elusive families of core-bound excitations of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) vortex, varicose (axisymmetric) and fluting (quadrupole) waves. For wavelengths of order the healing length, these two families -- and the well-known Kelvin wave -- possess an infinite sequence of core-bound, vortex-specific branches whose energies lie below the Bogoliubov dispersion relation. In the short-wavelength limit, these excitations can be interpreted as particles radially bound to the vortex, which acts as a waveguide. In the long-wavelength limit, the fluting waves unbind from the core, the varicose waves reduce to phonons propagating along the vortex, and the fundamental Kelvin wave is the only core-bound vortex-specific excitation. Finally, we propose a realistic spectroscopic protocol for creating and detecting the varicose wave, which we test by direct numerical simulations of the GP equation.</summary>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cond-mat.quant-gas'/>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='cond-mat.other'/>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='physics.atom-ph'/>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='physics.flu-dyn'/>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='quant-ph'/>\n <published>2026-03-05T18:59:55Z</published>\n <arxiv:comment>Main text: 5 pages, 5 figures. Supplemental Material: 5 pages, 5 figures</arxiv:comment>\n <arxiv:primary_category term='cond-mat.quant-gas'/>\n <author>\n <name>Evan Papoutsis</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Nathan Apfel</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Nir Navon</name>\n </author>\n </entry>"
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