Research

Paper

TESTING February 19, 2026

Bluetooth Phased-array Aided Inertial Navigation Using Factor Graphs: Experimental Verification

Authors

Glen Hjelmerud Mørkbak Sørensen, Torleiv H. Bryne, Kristoffer Gryte, Tor Arne Johansen

Abstract

Phased-array Bluetooth systems have emerged as a low-cost alternative for performing aided inertial navigation in GNSS-denied use cases such as warehouse logistics, drone landings, and autonomous docking. Basing a navigation system off of commercial-off-the-shelf components may reduce the barrier of entry for phased-array radio navigation systems, albeit at the cost of significantly noisier measurements and relatively short feasible range. In this paper, we compare robust estimation strategies for a factor graph optimisation-based estimator using experimental data collected from multirotor drone flight. We evaluate performance in loss-of-GNSS scenarios when aided by Bluetooth angular measurements, as well as range or barometric pressure.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2602.17407
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: eess.SY
Published: 2026-02-19
Fetched: 2026-02-21 18:51

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Raw Data (Debug)
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