Paper
A Quality Framework for Testing Gravity with Wide Binaries: No Evidence for MOND
Authors
Stephen A. Cookson, Indranil Banik, Kareem El-Badry, Will Sutherland, Zephyr Penoyre, Charalambos Pittordis, Cathie J. Clarke
Abstract
Wide binaries (WBs) offer a unique opportunity to test gravity in the low-acceleration regime, where modifications such as Milgromian dynamics (MOND) predict measurable deviations from Newtonian gravity. We construct a rigorous framework for conducting the wide binary test (WBT), emphasizing high quality sample selection, filtering of poor astrometric solutions, contamination mitigation, and uncertainty propagation. We show that undetected close binaries, chance alignments, and improper treatment of projection effects can mimic MOND-like signals. We introduce a checklist of best practices to identify and avoid these pitfalls. Applying this framework to Gaia DR3 data, we compile a high-purity sample of WBs within 130 pc with projected separations of 1 - 30 kAU, spanning the transition between the Newtonian and MOND regimes. We find that the scaled relative velocity distribution of wide binaries does not exhibit the 20% enhancement expected from MOND and is consistent with Newtonian gravity across all separations. A meta-analysis of previous WBTs shows that apparent MOND signals diminish as methodological rigour improves. We conclude that when stringent quality controls are applied, there is no observational evidence for MOND-induced velocity boosts in wide binaries. Our results place strong empirical constraints on modified gravity theories operating between a0/10 and 200 a0, where a0 is the MOND acceleration scale. Across this range of internal accelerations, Newtonian gravity is up to 1500x more likely than MOND for our cleanest sample.
Metadata
Related papers
Fractal universe and quantum gravity made simple
Fabio Briscese, Gianluca Calcagni • 2026-03-25
POLY-SIM: Polyglot Speaker Identification with Missing Modality Grand Challenge 2026 Evaluation Plan
Marta Moscati, Muhammad Saad Saeed, Marina Zanoni, Mubashir Noman, Rohan Kuma... • 2026-03-25
LensWalk: Agentic Video Understanding by Planning How You See in Videos
Keliang Li, Yansong Li, Hongze Shen, Mengdi Liu, Hong Chang, Shiguang Shan • 2026-03-25
Orientation Reconstruction of Proteins using Coulomb Explosions
Tomas André, Alfredo Bellisario, Nicusor Timneanu, Carl Caleman • 2026-03-25
The role of spatial context and multitask learning in the detection of organic and conventional farming systems based on Sentinel-2 time series
Jan Hemmerling, Marcel Schwieder, Philippe Rufin, Leon-Friedrich Thomas, Mire... • 2026-03-25
Raw Data (Debug)
{
"raw_xml": "<entry>\n <id>http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.24035v1</id>\n <title>A Quality Framework for Testing Gravity with Wide Binaries: No Evidence for MOND</title>\n <updated>2026-02-27T14:04:43Z</updated>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.24035v1' rel='alternate' type='text/html'/>\n <link href='https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.24035v1' rel='related' title='pdf' type='application/pdf'/>\n <summary>Wide binaries (WBs) offer a unique opportunity to test gravity in the low-acceleration regime, where modifications such as Milgromian dynamics (MOND) predict measurable deviations from Newtonian gravity. We construct a rigorous framework for conducting the wide binary test (WBT), emphasizing high quality sample selection, filtering of poor astrometric solutions, contamination mitigation, and uncertainty propagation. We show that undetected close binaries, chance alignments, and improper treatment of projection effects can mimic MOND-like signals. We introduce a checklist of best practices to identify and avoid these pitfalls. Applying this framework to Gaia DR3 data, we compile a high-purity sample of WBs within 130 pc with projected separations of 1 - 30 kAU, spanning the transition between the Newtonian and MOND regimes. We find that the scaled relative velocity distribution of wide binaries does not exhibit the 20% enhancement expected from MOND and is consistent with Newtonian gravity across all separations. A meta-analysis of previous WBTs shows that apparent MOND signals diminish as methodological rigour improves. We conclude that when stringent quality controls are applied, there is no observational evidence for MOND-induced velocity boosts in wide binaries. Our results place strong empirical constraints on modified gravity theories operating between a0/10 and 200 a0, where a0 is the MOND acceleration scale. Across this range of internal accelerations, Newtonian gravity is up to 1500x more likely than MOND for our cleanest sample.</summary>\n <category scheme='http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom' term='astro-ph.GA'/>\n <published>2026-02-27T14:04:43Z</published>\n <arxiv:comment>22 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Published in MNRAS</arxiv:comment>\n <arxiv:primary_category term='astro-ph.GA'/>\n <author>\n <name>Stephen A. Cookson</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Indranil Banik</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Kareem El-Badry</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Will Sutherland</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Zephyr Penoyre</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Charalambos Pittordis</name>\n </author>\n <author>\n <name>Cathie J. Clarke</name>\n </author>\n <arxiv:doi>10.1093/mnras/stag342</arxiv:doi>\n <link href='https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag342' rel='related' title='doi'/>\n </entry>"
}