Research

Paper

AI LLM February 27, 2026

Does Personalized Nudging Wear Off? A Longitudinal Study of AI Self-Modeling for Behavioral Engagement

Authors

Qing He, Zeyu Wang, Yuzhou Du, Jiahuan Ding, Yuanchun Shi, Yuntao Wang

Abstract

Sustaining the effectiveness of behavior change technologies remains a key challenge. AI self-modeling, which generates personalized portrayals of one's ideal self, has shown promise for motivating behavior change, yet prior work largely examines short-term effects. We present one of the first longitudinal evaluations of AI self-modeling in fitness engagement through a two-stage empirical study. A 1-week, three-arm experiment (visual self-modeling (VSM), auditory self-modeling (ASM), Control; N=28) revealed that VSM drove initial performance gains, while ASM showed no significant effects. A subsequent 4-week study (VSM vs. Control; N=31) demonstrated that VSM sustained higher performance levels but exhibited diminishing improvement rates after two weeks. Interviews uncovered a catalyst effect that fostered early motivation through clear, attainable goals, followed by habituation and internalization which stabilized performance. These findings highlight the temporal dynamics of personalized nudging and inform the design of behavior change technologies for long-term engagement.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2602.23688
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: cs.HC
Published: 2026-02-27
Fetched: 2026-03-02 06:04

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