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TESTING February 26, 2026

An $\mathcal{O}(\log N)$ Time Algorithm for the Generalized Egg Dropping Problem

Authors

Kleitos Papadopoulos

Abstract

The generalized egg dropping problem is a canonical benchmark in sequential decision-making. Standard dynamic programming evaluates the minimum number of tests in the worst case in $\mathcal{O}(K \cdot N^2)$ time. The previous state-of-the-art approach formulates the testable thresholds as a partial sum of binomial coefficients and applies a combinatorial search to reduce the time complexity to $\mathcal{O}(K \log N)$. In this paper, we demonstrate that the discrete binary search over the decision tree can be bypassed entirely. By utilizing a relaxation of the binomial bounds, we compute an approximate root that tightly bounds the optimal value. We mathematically prove that this approximation restricts the remaining search space to exactly $\mathcal{O}(K)$ discrete steps. Because constraints inherently enforce $K < \log_2(N+1)$, our algorithm achieves an unconditional worst-case time complexity of $\mathcal{O}(\min(K, \log N))$. Furthermore, we formulate an explicit $\mathcal{O}(1)$ space deterministic policy to dynamically retrace the optimal sequential choices, eliminating classical state-transition matrices completely.

Metadata

arXiv ID: 2602.22870
Provider: ARXIV
Primary Category: cs.DS
Published: 2026-02-26
Fetched: 2026-02-27 04:35

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